Introduction
You must be aware of your state’s minimum working age requirements and the hours that children are permitted to work if your company employs anyone below the age of 18.
Making an oversight here might have serious consequences for your finances and reputation.
This piece examines the federal and state minimum ages for employment, as well as the number of hours that minors are permitted to work.
Important Takeaways
- The minimum age to work is fourteen, with exceptions in some of the agricultural and non-agricultural occupations (as per federal law).
- Different states have different minimum working ages. Except for certain non-agricultural and agricultural vocations, it’s typically 14.
- Before hiring children, you must learn about your responsibilities as an employer and obtain legal counsel.
US Laws Regarding Child Labor
When examining child labor legislation, keep the following considerations in mind:
- Both federal and state legislation have provisions pertaining to child labor, including minimum employment ages. Generally speaking, you have to abide by the law that provides the greatest protection for children if both apply to your company.
- School attendance is usually given precedence over work under child labor rules. Numerous laws forbid adolescents from working while in school.
- The majority of child labor laws make a distinction between children employed in non-agricultural and agricultural employment, and they have varied regulations about when, what kinds of work, and at what ages they can begin working.
- Child labor regulations may address the following topics in addition to the minimum age for employment and hours:
-
- Children or employers are required to get child labor certificates, often known as work certificates or work licenses.
- Minimum wages for children could be different when compared to adults.
- Records requirements such as verification of age and the number of hours used with minors.
- Meals and rest periods are required.
- Jobs, positions, or settings where it is forbidden for juveniles to work in order to safeguard their safety and health.
- Requirements for posting notices about children’s rights in the workplace.
Federal Minimum Age of Employment
These are the federal law’s standards for minors.
The majority of businesses in America are subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act.
As per the FLSA, the minimum age to work in non-agricultural jobs is typically 14.
This is subject to a few specific exceptions. For instance, children of any age can:
- Work for businesses that their parents own.
- Deliver the newspapers.
- Babysit the children.
- Act on stage or theatre, movie, television, or radio.
- Collect evergreens and create wreaths out of them.
Also, the FLSA determines the minimum working ages and standards in agricultural employment that pose no hazards:
- Children aged 14 & 15 are allowed to work after school.
- With their parents’ permission, children aged 12 and 13 may work on farms after school hours.
- With parental permission, children under the age of twelve may work after school, but only on farms where no employee is subject to the minimum wage rules (FLSA..
- For up to eight weeks, from June 1 to October 15 (with a waiver), 10 & 11-year-olds can work after school to hand-pick short-season crops.
- If their parents hire them, minors of all ages may work on a farm that is owned or run by the family.
Work Hours
Additionally, non-agricultural workers under the age of sixteen have their working hours governed by the FLSA. These workers are unable to work:
- While classes are in session.
- Over three hours on school days and eighteen hours on school weeks.
- Over eight hours during non-school days and forty hours throughout non-school weeks.
- Prior to 7 am and after 7 pm
State-specific Minimum Working Age
Key elements of every state’s child labor regulations are compiled in the list below.
Use caution while using this information, as it is merely a summary.
To verify your responsibilities as an employer, you must conduct research. Child labor regulations are intricate and frequently include a number of specific technical exceptions to the overall guidelines.
1. Alabama
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 16
B. After School: 14
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
- 9 hours a day (including work and school)
- 23 hours each week
- Six days a week (for those under 18)
Non-agricultural employees: What age can you start working?
14, with the following exceptions:
A. Delivery of newspapers (12 and over)
B. Working for a company that their parents own (13 and above)
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- Three hours a day, eight hours on non-school days, eighteen hours a week, six days a week, when classes are in session
- Eight hours a day, forty hours a week, six days a week, while classes are not in session
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Not allowed to work before 7 am or after 7 pm (9 pm during summer break)
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17
It isn’t allowed for workers who are 19 or younger to work from 10 pm to 5 am before a school day.
2. Alaska
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 16
B. After School: 14
Maximum hours for workers under 16 in agriculture
- 9 hours per school day (work and school combined)
- 23 hours per week; 40 hours per week (during school breaks)
- Six days a week (for those under 18)
Non-agricultural employees: What age can you start working?
14, with the exception of:
- Newspaper deliveries and sales
- Work in personal homes, such as babysitting
- The entertainment sector
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- Nine hours a day (including work and school) and twenty-three hours a week, six days a week, when classes are in session.
- 40 hours per week, six days a week, when classes aren’t in session
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Not able to work before 5 am or after 9 pm
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
Six days per week
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
3. Arizona
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 16
B. After School: 14
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
- 8 hours per day, 40 hours per week, non-school week
- Three hours each day, eighteen hours per week, throughout the school week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14—with very few exceptions
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours per day, 40 hours per week, non-school week
- Three hours each day, eighteen hours per week, throughout the school week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- It isn’t allowed to work before 6 am or post 9:30 in the evening (11 pm on days of no school)
- Deliveries or door-to-door sales: Not allowed to work after 7 pm or before 6 am
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
4. Arkansas
Minimum age of employment for agricultural workers
A. While classes are in session: 16
B. After School: 14
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
- 8 hours a day, 48 hours per week (for sixteen-year-olds)
- 10 hours every day, 54 hours per week (for seventeen-year-olds)
- Every worker under the age of 18: Six days a week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with a few notable exceptions, such as:
- Working for their parents in the family business while on vacation;
- Delivering newspapers;
- Batboys and batgirls for teams in professional baseball
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
8 hours a day, 48 hours a week, and 6 days a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Before 6 am and 7 pm are off limits for working (9 pm on a day of no school).
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
For sixteen-year-olds: Ten hours within a 24-hour period or ten hours in a row
Limitations for non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17
16-year-olds: Not permitted to work before 6 am or after 11 pm on days of school.
5. California
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 18 (16 if they are exempt from attending school)
B. After School: 12
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
12 and 13-year-olds
- 8 hours per non-school day,
- 40 hours per non-school week,
- 3 hours per school day, and
- 18 hours per school week
16 and 17-year-olds
- 8 hours on a non-school day,
- 48 hours per non-school week,
- Four hours a day (eight hours a day prior to a non-school day)
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with the following exceptions:
- Babysitting
- The entertainment sector
- Bringing newspapers to people
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- Days off from school: 8 hours each day, 40 hours per week
- Three hours each day, eighteen hours per week, throughout the school week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 7 am or after 7 pm is not possible.
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
8 hours per day; 48 hours per week; 4 hours per school day (eight hours prior to a non-school day); 48 hours per school week (including work and school)
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
Working before 5 am or after 10 pm (or 12:30 am on a day of no school) is not possible.
6. Colorado
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 16
B. After School: 12
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
- Employees below the age of eighteen: 8 hours a day, 40 hours a week
- Employees under sixteen: Six hours each school day
- Seasonal employees 14 or older who are paid piece-work are not allowed to work over: 12 hours in a 24-hour period, 30 hours in a 72-hour span, or 8 hours a day for over ten days in any 30-day timespan.
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with some exceptions for nine to thirteen-year-olds to work in specific occupations, such as golf caddies, shining shoes, delivering advertising, and gardening.
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours each day, 6 hours every school day (except when the next day is a non-school day).
- 40 hours each week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Not allowed to work before 5 am or after 9:30 pm on school days
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
8 hours per day and 40 hours per week
Limitations for non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17
N/A
7. Connecticut
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 16
B. After School: 14
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
8 hours a day and 48 hours a week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with a few notable exceptions
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Only during school break (defined as when classes are off for at least five days in a row): 8 hours a day, 40 hours a week, & 6 days a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working prior to 7 am or after 7 pm isn’t allowed.
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
- When there aren’t any classes (provided they are enrolled): Eight hours a day, forty-eight hours a week, six days a week
- Employment in restaurants, amusement parks, theaters, manufacturing plants, retail stores, hair salons, bowling alleys, pool halls, or photo galleries during the school week (where they are enrolled): Six hours & eight hours on Fri, Sat, and Sun.
- Retail and mercantile employees not in school: 8 hours per day, 48 hours per week, and 6 days per week.
- Restaurant, manufacturing, entertainment, and mechanical employees; the recreation and theater workers who are not in school: Six days a week, nine hours a day, forty-eight hours a week
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
Unable to work:
- Before 6 am or after 11 pm (midnight on a vacation day, the day preceding a day of no school, or when not enrolled) in the dining, entertainment, theater, and amusements sectors.
- Before 6 am or after 10 pm in the manufacturing, mechanical, and retail sectors (11 pm on vacation, on days when classes are not in session, or if they are not registered; midnight if employees work in a supermarket (having at least 3,500 square feet) on the day before a day of no school).
- In hair salons, swimming pools, arcades, or photo galleries, before 6 am or after 10 pm.
8. Delaware
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with the exception of theatrical work
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours per day, 40 hours per week (Non-school week)
- 4 hours per day, 18 hours per week, 6 days per week (School week)
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working prior to 7 am or after 7 pm isn’t allowed.
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
12 hours a day (work plus school hours)
Limitations for non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17
Every day, eight hours must be dedicated to non-work or non-school activities.
9. Florida
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
While classes are in session: N/A
After School: 14
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
15-year-olds
- 8 hours per non-school day,
- 40 hours per non-school week,
- 3 hours per day before school,
- 15 hours per school week, and
- 6 days per week
16 & 17-year-olds
- 8 hours per non-school day,
- 40 hours per non-school week,
- 8 hours per school day, and
- 30 hours per school week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with very few exceptions:
- Delivering newspapers;
- Working in the entertainment sector;
- Working for a parent’s business
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
When classes are not in session
- 8 hours a day,
- 40 hours a week,
- and 6 days a week
When classes are in session
- 3 hours per school day;
- 8 hours per Saturday, Sunday, and non-school day that is not followed by a school day;
- 15 hours per week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
The opportunity to work earlier or later cannot exist (before 7 am and after 7 pm).
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
When school and classes are in session:
- 8 hours each day prior to a school day
- 30 hours each week
- Six days per week
Restrictions for non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17
On the day before school, you are unable to operate before 6:30 am or after 11 pm.
10. Georgia
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
12
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Forty hours a week, four hours per school day, & eight hours each non-school day
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Can’t work after 9 pm or prior to 6 am.
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
11. Hawaii
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 18 (or 16 if they are exempt from attending school)
B. After School: Fourteen (fifteen for harvesting pineapples; 10 for picking coffee)
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
Children aged 14 and 15
- 8 hours per non-school day,
- 40 hours per non-school week,
- 3 hours per school day,
- 18 hours per school week,
- Six days per week
Harvesters of pineapples: 8 hours per day, 48 hours per week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with the exception of theatrical work
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours per day, 40 hours per week (Non-school week)
- 3 hours per day, 18 hours per week, 6 days per week (School week)
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Not able to work:
- On days of school & the days preceding, prior to 7 a.m. or after 7 p.m.
- During authorized breaks in school and non-school days, before 6 a.m. or after 9 p.m.
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
12. Idaho
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 16
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
Nine hours a day, 54 hours a week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with very few exceptions.
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Nine hours a day, 54 hours a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 6 am or after 9 pm is not possible.
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17
N/A
13. Illinois
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 12
B. After School: 10
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with a few exceptions, such as:
- 13-year-old golf caddies
- Referees for particular sports (12 & 13-year-olds)
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Non-school week:
- 8 hours a day
- 48 hours a week
- 6 days a week
During the school week
- 3 hours every day (8 hours total between work and school)
- Every day of the week
Employees 14 years of age or older who work in recreation or education for the park district or municipality recreation and parks department:
- Two days per week until 9 p.m.
- Three hours per school day
- During the summer break, you can work until 10 p.m.
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 7 am or after 7 pm isn’t possible.
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
14. Indiana
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: 12
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with a few notable outliers, such as:
- Domestic helpers
- Qualified sports referees
- Golf caddies
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Non-school week:
- 8 hours a day
- 40 hours a week
During the school week:
- 3 hours per day
- 18 hours per week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
The opportunity to work earlier or later cannot exist (before 7 am and after 7 pm)
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
If they are registered in a school:
- 9 hours a day
- 48 hours every week of no school
- 40 hours every week during classes
- 6 days a week
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
Work cannot begin between midnight and six in the morning.
Prior to a school day:
- Not allowed to work beyond 10 pm (with the consent of your parents, you are allowed to work up to 11 pm).
- Not permitted to work in a public place prior to 6 am or after 10 pm, unless he/she is accompanied by no less than one other employee who is 18 or over.
- In case they have completed high school, an approved course, or are taking no academic period in school, they can work the same number of hours as adults.
15. Iowa
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 16
B. After School: Fourteen (Twelve in the case of migratory workers)
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
During school sessions:
- 4 hours per day on school days
- 8 hours a day on days of no school
- 28 hours a week
When school/classes aren’t in session:
- Eight hours per day
- Forty hours a week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with very few exceptions, such as kids who labor alongside their parents
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
During school sessions:
- 6 hours per day on school days
- 8 hours a day on days of no school
- 28 hours a week
When school/classes aren’t in session:
- Eight hours per day
- Forty hours a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 7 am or after 9 pm is not possible.
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
16. Kansas
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with some notable exceptions:
- Children working for their parents;
- Newspaper delivery;
- Domestic help
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours per day on days of no school
- 3 hours per day on the day of school
- 40 hours a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 7 am or after 10 pm is not possible.
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Restrictions for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
17. Kentucky
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
During school sessions:
- 3 hours per day on school days
- 8 hours a day on days of no school
- 18 hours a week
When school isn’t ongoing:
- Eight hours per day
- Forty hours a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
The opportunity to work earlier or later cannot exist (before 7 am and after 7 pm)
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17
N/A
18. Louisiana
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with a few exceptions for children ages 12 & 13 who work for their parents (under certain conditions)
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day on days of no school
- 3 hours per day on school days
- 40 hours per week during the week of no school
- 18 hours per day during the weeks of school
- 6 days a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 7 am or after 7 pm isn’t possible
Non-graduates:
- Working before 7 a.m. or after 7 p.m. isn’t possible on school days
- Working before 7 am or after 9 pm is not possible on days of no school
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Restrictions for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
16-year-olds (Non-graduate):
The opportunity to work earlier or later cannot exist (before 5 am and after 11 pm) prior to a school day
17-year-olds (Non-graduate):
Working before 5 am or after midnight is not possible prior to a school day
19. Maine
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 16, except when the school administrator grants an exception.
B. After School: 14 (for farming that doesn’t use dangerous equipment or materials)
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural workers
14, with a few exceptions for children who work for their parents (under certain conditions)
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day on days of no school
- 3 hours per day on school days
- 40 hours per week during the week of no school
- 18 hours per day during the weeks of school
- 6 days a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
When the school year is ongoing:
The opportunity to work earlier or later cannot exist (before 7 am and after 7 pm)
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
- 6 hours each school day
- 8 hours during the last day of the school week
- 10 hours per day on a day of no school
- 24 hours per week with a minimum of 3 days of school
- 50 hours per week if there are fewer than 3 days of school in a week, or if it is the first or last week of a school year
- Six consecutive days in a week
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
If they are enrolled in a school:
- Working before 7 am on a day of school or 5 am on a day of no school is not possible
- Working after 10:15 pm on a school day or midnight if there is no school the next day is not possible
20. Maryland
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
When school isn’t in session (days of no school included):
- 8 hours a day
- 40 hours a week
When school/classes are in session:
- 4 hours per school day
- 23 hours per school week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 7 am or after 8 pm is not possible
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
12 hours a day (combined hours of work and school)
Limitations for non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17
Every 24 hours, there needs to be an 8-hour rest from school and work.
21. Massachusetts
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 14
B. After School: 14
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
- 8 hours a day
- 48 hours a week
- 6 days per week
Workers below 14:
- 4 hours per school day
- 24 hours per school week
The minimum age for non-agricultural workers
15, with some exceptions:
- Entertainment industry
- News carriers
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
When school isn’t ongoing:
- 8 hours a day
- 48 hours a week
- 6 days a week
When school or classes are in session:
- 3 hours per school day
- 8 hours on Sat, Sun, or holidays
- 18 hours a week
- 6 days a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
The opportunity to work earlier or later cannot exist (before 7 am and after 7 pm)
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
- 9 hours a day
- 48 hours a week
- 6 days per week
Restrictions for non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17
- Working before 6 am or after 10 pm before a school day is not possible
- Working before 6 am or after 11:30 pm before a day of no school is not possible
22. Michigan
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 16
B. After School: 13
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
Workers under 16
- 10 hours a day
- 48 hours a week (if in school, work + school hours shouldn’t exceed 48 hours a week)
- Average of 8 hours a day in a week
Workers between 16 & 18
- 10 hours a day
- 48 hours a week (if in school, 24 hours a week)
- An average of 8 hours a day over a week
Farming:
- 11 hours a day
- 62 hours a week
- Requires consent of the parent and child
- Not between 2 am & 5:30 am
Workers under 18
- A maximum of six days a week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with a few exceptions, like:
- 11–13-year-olds participating in a youth sports program who serve as umpires or referees
- Ages 11 and up for golf caddies
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 10 hours a day
- 8 hours a day (average in a week)
- 48 hours a week (total of work and school hours)
- 6 days a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Putting hours before 7 am or after 9 pm isn’t a possibility
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
- 10 hours a day
- 8 hours a day (average in a week)
- 24 hours per week of school
- 48 hours a week (non-school)
- 6 days a week
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
When school is in session:
Working before 6 am or after 10:30 pm isn’t possible.
When school isn’t in session:
Working before 6:30 am or after 11:30 pm isn’t possible.
23. Minnesota
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 16
B. After School: 12
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with a few exceptions—for example, for models and newspaper carriers
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural staff aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day
- Forty hours a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Putting hours before 7 am or after 9 pm isn’t a possibility (exception for newspaper carriers)
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
Working before 5 am or after 11 pm isn’t possible on a day prior to a day of school.
24. Mississippi
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with a few exceptions
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
When the school session is ongoing:
18 hours a week
When the school session isn’t there:
- 8 hours a day
- Forty hours a week
Cannery, factory, or workshop:
- 8 hours a day
- 44 hours a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Cannery, factory, mill, or workshop:
Working before 6 am or after 7 pm isn’t possible
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
When the school session is ongoing:
18 hours a week
When the school session isn’t there:
8 hours a day
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
25. Missouri
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 16
B. After School: 14
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
- 8 hours a day
- 3 hours each school day
- 40 hours a week
- 6 days a week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with a few exceptions, like:
- Babysitting
- Coaching
- Entertainment industry
- Newspaper delivery
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
When the school session is ongoing:
- 8 hours per day (non-school)
- 3 hours per school day
- 6 days a week
When the school session isn’t there:
- 8 hours a day
- 40 hours a week
- 6 days a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 7 am or after 7 pm isn’t possible
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
26. Montana
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with a few exceptions, including:
- Children working for their parents;
- People delivering newspapers;
- Legislative assistants
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours per day (non-school)
- 3 hours per school day
- 40 hours a week (non-school)
- 18 hours per school week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 7 am or after 7 pm isn’t possible
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
27. Nebraska
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: 12
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
12 to 15-year-olds (Jun, July, Aug only):
- 9 hours a day
- 48 hours a week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with a few exceptions, such as:
- Caddies for golf
- Children employed by their parents
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day
- 48 hours a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Workers below 14:
Working before 6 am or after 8 pm isn’t possible
14 & 15-year-olds:
Working before 6 am or after 10 pm isn’t possible
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
28. Nevada
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 14
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with few exceptions
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day
- 48 hours a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
N/A
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
29. New Hampshire
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 18 (16 when not enrolled in school)
B. After School: 12
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
- 8 hours per day (non-school)
- 48 hours per week (vacation)
- 3 hours per school day
- 23 hours per school week
- 6 days a week (includes 16 & 17-year-olds if they are registered in school)
16 & 17-year-olds
- 30 hours per school week
- 48 hours per vacation week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
12 with exceptions like:
- Delivery of newspapers
- Working with parents or guardians
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours per day (non-school)
- 48 hours per week (vacation)
- 3 hours per school day
- 23 hours per school week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 7 am or after 9 pm isn’t possible
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
During vacation time
- 48 hours a week
- 6 days a week
When classes are in session for five days:
35 hours a week
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
30. New Jersey
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 16
B. After School: 12
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
- Ten hours a day
- Six days a week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with some exceptions:
- Delivery of newspapers (eleven years)
- Theatrical work
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
During the academic year of school
- 3 hours per school day
- 8 hours per day (non-school)
- 18 hours a week
- 6 days a week
During the time of summer vacations
- 8 hours a day
- 40 hours a week
- 6 days a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 7 am or after 7 pm isn’t possible
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
During the academic year of school
- 8 hours per day
- 40 hours a week
- 6 days a week
During the time of summer vacations
- 10 hours a day
- 50 hours a week
- 6 days a week
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
During the school year:
Working before 6 am or after 11 pm isn’t possible
During the time of summer vacations:
Working before 6 am or after 11 pm isn’t possible
31. New Mexico
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 16 (14 in case of hardship cases)
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
- 8 hours a day
- 44 hours a week
Special cases for individuals under 14:
- 8 hours a day
- 48 hours a week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with some exceptions:
- Delivery of newspapers
- Minors working with parents
- Babysitting
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
When there is no school session:
- 8 hours a day
- 40 hours a week
When the school session is ongoing:
- 3 hours per school day
- 18 hours per school week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 7 am or after 7 pm isn’t possible
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
32. New York
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 16
B. After School: 14 (twelve for harvesting berries, vegetables, and fruits by hand
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
12 & 13-year-olds:
4 hours a day
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with few exceptions:
- Delivery of newspapers
- Child performers and models
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day (non-school)
- 3 hours per school day
- 40 hours per week (non-school)
- 18 hours per school week
- 6 days a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 7 am or after 7 pm isn’t possible
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
- 8 hours a day
- 48 hours a week
- 6 days a week
During the school week/day (when they are enrolled):
- 4 hours a day before school days
- 8 hours on Sat, Sun, and holidays
- 28 hours a week
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
- Working before 6 am or after 10 pm isn’t possible when school/classes are in session
- Working after midnight isn’t possible when school/classes are not in session
33. North Carolina
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with few exceptions:
- Delivery of newspapers
- Children working with their parents
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
When there is no school session:
- 8 hours a day
- 40 hours a week
When the school session is ongoing:
- 3 hours per school day
- 18 hours per school week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 7 am or after 7 pm isn’t possible
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
The opportunity to work earlier or later cannot exist (before 11 am and after 11 pm) prior to the school day
34. North Dakota
Minimum age of employment for agricultural workers
A. While classes are in session: 14
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with few exceptions:
- Working for parents or guardians
- Home service work
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day (non-school)
- 3 hours per school day
- 40 hours per week (non-school)
- 18 hours per school week
- 6 days a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 7 am or after 7 pm isn’t possible
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
35. Ohio
Minimum age of employment for agricultural workers
A. While classes are in session: 16
B. After School: 14
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
- 8 hours a day (non-school)
- 3 hours per school day
- 48 hours per week (non-school)
- 18 hours per school week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day (non-school)
- 3 hours per school day
- 40 hours per week (non-school)
- 18 hours per school week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 7 am or after 7 pm isn’t possible
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
Individuals who attend school:
Working before 7 am or after 11 pm isn’t possible prior to a day of school
36. Oklahoma
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with few exceptions:
- Delivery of newspapers
- Children working in a business in which their parents hold equity
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day (non-school)
- 3 hours per school day
- 40 hours a week (non-school)
- 18 hours per school week
- 6 days a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 7 am or after 7 pm isn’t possible
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
37. Oregon
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: 16
B. After School: 12 (nine for picking beans and berries)
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
- 10 hours a day (non-school): More with a permit
- 3 hours per school day
- 40 hours per week (non-school)
- 18 hours per school week
- 6 days a week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with few exceptions
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day (non-school)
- 3 hours per school day
- 40 hours per week (non-school)
- 18 hours per school week
- 6 days a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Working before 7 am or after 7 pm isn’t possible
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
44 hours a week (Permit needed for overtime)
Limitations for non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17
N/A
38. Pennsylvania
Agricultural workers: What age can you start working
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: Fourteen (for seasonal work on the farm)
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
Employees under the age of eighteen aren’t permitted to work/labor from seven in the morning until one hour following the conclusion of the day at school.
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with few exceptions:
- Delivery of newspapers
- Children working in domestic services
- Caddies
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day (non-school)
- 3 hours per school day
- 40 hours a week (non-school)
- 18 hours per school week
- 6 days a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural staff aged 14 & 15
The opportunity to work earlier or later cannot exist (before 7 am and after 7 pm)
Hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
- 10 hours a day (vacation)
- 8 hours per school day
- 48 hours per week (vacation)
- 28 hours per school week
- 6 days a week
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
Individuals registered in school: Working before 6 am or after midnight isn’t possible
39. Rhode Island
Minimum age of employment for agricultural workers
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day
- 40 hours a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural staff aged 14 & 15
There is no possibility of working before 6 am or after 7 pm
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
- 9 hours a day (9.6 hours during a 5-day week of work)
- 48 hours a week
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
Individuals registered in school: There is no possibility of working before 6 am or after 11:30 pm
40. South Carolina
Minimum age of employment for agricultural workers
A. While classes are in session: 16
B. After School: 14 (twelve if there’s parental consent)
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with some exceptions:
- Show business
- Enterprise owned by the parent
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
During the time of summer vacations:
- 8 hours a day
- 40 hours a week
When school/classes are in session:
- 3 hours per school day
- 18 hours per school week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural staff aged 14 & 15
The opportunity to work earlier or later cannot exist (before 7 am and after 7 pm)
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 and 17
N/A
41. South Dakota
Minimum age of employment for agricultural workers
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
- 8 hours a day (non-school)
- 4 hours per school day
- 40 hours a week (non-school)
- 20 hours per school week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
16 with some exceptions:
- Gas stations (14 and over)
- Business owned by the parent
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day (non-school)
- 4 hours per school day
- 40 hours a week (non-school)
- 20 hours per school week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural staff aged 14 & 15
There is no possibility of working after 10 pm on a day prior to the school day
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17
N/A
42. Tennessee
Minimum age of employment for agricultural workers
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with some exceptions:
- Sales of newspapers
- Musicians
- Delivery work
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
When there is no school session:
- 8 hours a day
- 40 hours a week
When the school session is ongoing:
- 3 hours per school day
- 18 hours per school week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural staff aged 14 & 15
When there is no school session:
There is no possibility of working before 6 am or after 9 pm
When the school session is ongoing:
The opportunity to work earlier or later cannot exist (before 7 am and after 7 pm)
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17
There is no possibility of working before 6 am or after 10 pm prior to school days
43. Texas
Minimum age of employment for agricultural workers
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with some exceptions:
- Working for the parents
- Child actors
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day
- 48 hours a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural staff aged 14 & 15
There is no possibility of working before 5 am or after 10 pm
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
44. Utah
Minimum age of employment for agricultural workers
A. While classes are in session: No age restriction if there is a parent/guardian consent
B. After School: No age restriction if there is a parent/guardian consent
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
- 8 hours a day (non-school)
- 3 hours per school day
- 40 hours per week (non-school)
- 18 hours per school week (except when waived by guardian/parent)
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with few exceptions:
- Delivery of newspapers
- Caddies
- Babysitting
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day (non-school)
- 3 hours per school day
- 40 hours per week (non-school)
- 18 hours per school week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural staff aged 14 & 15
The opportunity to work earlier or later cannot exist (before 7 am and after 7 pm)
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
N/A
45. Vermont
Minimum age of employment for agricultural workers
A. While classes are in session: 16 (14, with labor certificate)
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
- 8 hours a day
- 40 hours a week
- 6 days a week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with few exceptions:
- Working for parents
- Child actors
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day (non-school)
- 3 hours per school day
- 40 hours per week (non-school)
- 18 hours per school week
- 6 days a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural staff aged 14 & 15
The opportunity to work earlier or later cannot exist (before 7 am and after 7 pm)
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
Mechanical industries:
- 9 hours a day
- 50 hours a week
Limitations for non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17
N/A
46. Virginia
Minimum age of employment for agricultural workers
A. While classes are in session: 16
B. After School: 14 (twelve with the consent of the parent)
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with some exceptions:
- Government clerk
- Domestic work
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day (non-school)
- 3 hours per school day
- 40 hours per week (non-school)
- 18 hours per school week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural staff aged 14 & 15
The opportunity to work earlier or later cannot exist (before 7 am and after 7 pm)
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17
N/A
47. Washington
Minimum age of employment for agricultural workers
A. While classes are in session: 18
B. After School: 14 (twelve for hand cultivating berries, bulbs, spinach, and cucumbers)
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
12 and 13-year-olds during weeks of no school:
- 8 hours a day
- 40 hours a week
14 and 15-year-olds during weeks of no school:
- 8 hours a day
- 40 hours a week
16 and 17-year-olds during weeks of no school:
- 10 hours a day
- 50 hours a week
16 and 17-year-olds during weeks of school:
- 4 hours a day
- 28 hours a week
- 6 days a week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with some exceptions:
- Delivery of newspapers
- Theatrical work
- Soccer referees
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
During the week of school:
- 3 hours a day
- 8 hours on Saturday and Sunday
- 16 hours a week
- 6 days a week
Week of no school:
- 8 hours a day
- 40 hours a week
- 6 days a week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural staff aged 14 & 15
The opportunity to work earlier or later cannot exist (before 7 am and after 7 pm)
The most hours that non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17 can work
During the week of school:
- 4 hours a day
- 8 hours on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday
- 20 hours a week
- 6 days a week
Week of no school:
- 8 hours a day
- 48 hours a week
- 6 days a week
Limitations for non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17
During the week of school:
There is no possibility of working before 7 am or after 10 pm
Week of no school:
There is no possibility of working before 5 am or after midnight
48. West Virginia
Minimum age of employment for agricultural workers
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with some exceptions:
- Children working for their parents;
- Child actors;
- Babysitting
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
- 8 hours a day (non-school)
- 3 hours per school day
- 40 hours per week (non-school)
- 18 hours per school week
Hourly limits for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
The opportunity to work earlier or later cannot exist (before 7 am and after 7 pm)
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17
N/A
49. Wisconsin
Minimum age of employment for agricultural workers
A. While classes are in session: 18
B. After School: 12
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
During the week of school:
- 3 hours a day
- 18 hours a week
- 6 days a week
Week of no school:
- 8 hours a day
- 40 hours a week
- 6 days a week
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with some exceptions:
- Children working for their parents;
- Domestic employment;
- Babysitting
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
Days/week of no school
- 8 hours a day
- 40 hours a week
- 6 days a week
During the days/weeks of school:
- 3 hours a day
- 8 hours a day (last day of school week)
Hourly limits for non-agricultural staff aged 14 & 15
The opportunity to work earlier or later cannot exist (before 7 am and after 7 pm)
The most hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17
N/A
50. Wyoming
Minimum age of employment for agricultural workers
A. While classes are in session: N/A
B. After School: N/A
Maximum hours for agricultural workers under 16
N/A
The minimum age for non-agricultural employees
14, with some exceptions:
- Lawn & Yard-work
- Domestic employment
Limitations on hours for non-agricultural workers aged 14 & 15
N/A
Hourly limits for non-agricultural staff aged 14 & 15
There is no possibility of working before 5 am or after 10 pm
Number of hours that non-agricultural workers aged 16 & 17 can work
N/A
Limitations for non-agricultural staff aged 16 & 17
N/A